Cartilage has limited blood supply, which contributes to its poor capacity for repair.

Unlike many tissues, articular cartilage is largely avascular and relies on synovial fluid and movement to facilitate nutrient exchange. Because it has limited nerve supply, early cartilage changes may occur without significant pain. Symptoms often become more apparent as joint changes progress, highlighting the importance of early attention to persistent joint symptoms.

Musculoskeletal conditions are a leading cause of disability worldwide.

Joint stiffness, persistent back pain, and reduced mobility are often attributed to ageing, but they can reflect underlying changes in joints, muscles, bones, or connective tissues. When persistent symptoms are not evaluated early, the underlying condition may progress over time and become more difficult to manage.

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